Licensed clinical psychiatrist specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy. Accepting new patients.
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Est: June 2013.
Capgras and Fregoli Delusions
When people hear the words “psychiatric disorder,” they often think of depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. However, there are other psychiatric disorders that are not well-known, but are fascinating nonetheless.
Have you ever thought that a close friend or family member, perhaps even your significant other, had been replaced by an imposter, a pretender? On the other end of the spectrum, perhaps you’ve thought that everybody around you was actually the same person assuming different disguises and playing different roles. If so, you may have an obscure psychological disorder.
Capgras Delusion
People suffering from this disorder believe that some of the people around them are imposters. They believe that familiar people and even pets have been replaced by imposters. They recognize the face of their family members or beloved pets, but they believe the real person has been replaced by an imposter. It is unknown exactly what causes Capgras Delusion, but it has been seen in people who suffer from other psychiatric disorders or have experienced a head trauma. It has been suggested that sufferers of Capgras Delusion have lost the connection between the area of the brain that recognize faces and the area that supplies an emotional response to the faces seen. Though the person recognizes the face as that of their wife, sister, or dog, they no longer have the emotional response usually connected to that face. Because of the lack of emotion, they may believe that the person cannot be who they think they are because if they were, the sufferer would have an emotional response to them. One sufferer of Capgras Delusion is profiled here on YouTube. Treatment for Capgras Delusion includes individual therapy that involves reframing and reality testing as well as antipsychotics and other drugs.
Fregoli Syndrome
This is similar to Capgras Delusion, but involves the sufferer believing that those around them are actually other people in disguise. When they see their wife, for example, they believe she is actually their doctor or some other person they know. This is named after Leopoldo Fregoli, who was an Italian actor known for his ability to quickly change appearance during stage performances. It was first described in 1927 in a paper in which the authors discussed a 27-year-old woman who was living in London. She believed she was being followed and persecuted by two actors she saw at the theatre often. She felt these people were taking the form of others she knew or had previously met. In a more recent case, the sufferer was a 21-year-old man who was schizophrenic. He believed that his daily facial cream attracted female students. He met a young woman on Facebook and wanted to have a relationship with her, but she was not interested. The man then developed the belief that when he was contacted by other women on Facebook, they were not who they appeared to be, but rather they were the first young woman in disguise. The man believed that this young woman was applying the same cream to her face to transform her appearance. Causes of Fregoli Syndrome are not entirely known, but it has been found in people taking the drug Levodopa. This is used to treat Parkinson’s Disease and dopamine responsive dystonia. Traumatic brain injuries are another possible cause. Treatment usually includes antipsychotic drugs. In some cases, antidepressants and anticonvulsants are prescribed.
Causes:
Traumatic brain injury
Injury to the right frontal and left temporo-parietal areas can cause Fregoli syndrome. Research by Feinberg, et al. has shown that significant deficits in executive and memory functions follow shortly after damage in the right frontal or left temporoparietal areas. Tests performed on patients that have suffered from a brain injury revealed that basic attention ability and visuomotor processing speed are typically normal. However, these patients made many errors when they were called to participate in detailed attention tasks. Selective attention tests involving auditory targets were also performed, and brain-injured patients had many errors; this meant that they were deficient in their response regulation and inhibition.
Fusiform gyrus
Current research has shown that lesions in the right temporal lobe and the fusiform gyrus may contribute to DMSs. MRIs of patients exemplifying Fregoli symptoms have shown parahippocampal and hippocampal damage in the anterior fusiform gyrus, as well as the middle and inferior of the right temporal gyri. The inferior and medial of the right temporal gyri are the storage locations for long-term memory in retrieving information on visual recognition, specifically of faces; thus, damage to these intricate connections could be one of the leading factors in face misidentification disorders.
Recently, a face-specific area in the fusiform gyrus has been discovered and is close to the anterior fusiform gyrus. MRI studies performed by Hudson, et al. have shown lesions in the anterior fusiform gyrus, which is close to the face specific area (ventral fusiform cortex), may also be associated with Fregoli syndrome and other DMSs. Such damage may cause disruption in long-term visual memory and lead to improper associations of human faces.
On another note, our brains interpret visual scenes in two pathways: one is via the Parietal lobe-occipital dorsal pathway (visual spatial material is analyzed here), and the other is via the temporal-occipital ventral pathway (recognizes objects and faces). Thus, lesions in either structures or disruption of delicate connections may produce DMSs.
Abnormal P300
Delusional misidentification syndrome is thought to occur due to a dissociation between identification and recognition processes. The integration of information for further processing is referred to as working memory (WM). The P300 (P stands for positive voltage potential and the 300 for the 300-millisecond poststimulus) is an index of WM and is used during a WM test in DMS patients. In comparison to normal patients, DMS patients generally exhibit an attenuated amplitude of P300 at many abductions. These patients also exhibit prolonged latencies of P300 at all abductions. These implications suggest that DMSs are accompanied by abnormal WM, specifically affecting the prefrontal cortex (both outside and inside).
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themedicalstate posted this A truly well-tailored person suit must be worn with panache.
Expedit esse deos, et, ut expedit, esse putemus.
Nomenque erit indelebile nostrum.
Nec species sua cuique manet, rerumque novatrix ex aliis alias reparat natura figuras: nec perit in toto quicquam, mihi credite, mundo, sed variat faciemque novat, nascique vocatur incipere esse aliud, quam quod fuit ante, morique desinere illud idem. cum sint huc forsitan illa, haec translata illuc, summa tamen omnia constant.
The default is NBC canon; fleshing out the details will take place, as needed, in each individual thread. Hannibal is fluid, and his concept of truth & history is abstract, to say the least. No truth is immutable. No lie is wholly without backing. I tend to use Harris for more thorough fleshing out, but overlay NBC canon where Harris was just too cracky.
There was a cliff; there was a fall. And where, indeed, did the physical remnants drift to?
One could argue about Hannibal's psychology; he certainly expresses traits common to psychopathy and sociopathy (both loaded terms with their own historical biases) but does not neatly fit into any category. He is articulate, polite, charming, and disarming. A grudge will not be forgotten.
I am not a medical professional. I am not certified to offer medical, psychiatric, or personal advice in any way. This is a roleplay blog—based off of a manipulative, abusive, charming character whom I do not own or in any way represent.
Do not use any of Dr Lecter’s advice. By submitting any ask, you are actively accepting the fact that this is purely entertainment and not any substitution for medical care. By submitting an ask, you are also accepting that I am not responsible for what you choose to do with the completely fictitious content which I produce.
To be very blunt: I don’t know what I’m doing. You should not expect me to. I don’t want to be sued because someone took a fictional character’s fictional advice. (Would you take the advice of a stranger at the bus stop? Your answer should be no, and you should treat this no differently.)
That being said, if you want someone to talk to, I can always offer a shoulder.
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I will only be following back blogs that I’m actively playing with on this account. I will not follow you back if you do not list your age somewhere on your blog; I will not play with you if you are not at least 18 years old, regardless of thread content or geographical location.
I don’t believe in ‘exclusivity’ and find it an abhorrent, exclusionary practice.
The more established and fleshed-out your character, the more likely I am to want to play. This goes across the board for canonical characters and OCs. Grammatically-aware para/paragraph-style (third-person prose) preferred. I get rankled easily by consistent errors and/or lack of proofreading.
There is a very large difference between creative grammar/word choice/formatting and purple prose. 'Cerulean orbits' or other such nonsense? That's not creative; it makes no linguistic sense whatsoever. Bend grammar; don't flay the languague, ffs.
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If you’re just not feeling RP with me in general, that’s really ok. I promise I won’t get upset or turn you into salami. Just let me know so neither of us feels awkward about an abandoned thread sitting there. I’m drama-free, so please just communicate with me. Communication is awesome.
Relationships are not presumed, regardless of canon, without previous discussion.
Hannibal is not a woobie. He is not a sweet, misunderstood gentleman who just ‘happens’ to have a penchant for eating people whom he finds crass. Hannibal is a self-aware sociopath*; a calculating, cold-blooded monster hiding in a very fine suit. Please do not be surprised when he acts accordingly.
Your character has high odds of being maimed, murdered, and/or consumed.
On various spectra, I would categorise Hannibal as grey-panromantic (generally presenting as aromantic) and grey-pansexual (presenting as asexual). The vast majority of his physical sexuality is a power play; getting under his skin to something less constructed is extremely unlikely.
It should go without saying that this entire show is a giant trigger & ergo this blog will contain consistently mature/disturbing fictional content. Gore, NSFW images, and NSFW threads are not usually behind readmores. I will not make a habit of tagging gore, murder, cannibalism, etc, since doing so would be redundant.
However, if you would like a specific trigger tagged or put behind a readmore, please let me know. I’m more than happy to oblige.
And finally:
disclaimer: Hannibal Lecter is not my creative property, and I own nothing here except my own prose. This is all in good fun; I thank you in advance for not suing me.
Pending.
Pending.
Pending.
Pending.